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SNAP. releases nitric oxide under physiological conditions and also been shown to be a potent vasodilator.

S-nitrosogluthathione. Similar to SNAP, it releases nitric oxide spontaneously under physiological conditions.

Spermine NONOate. Releases nitric oxide spontaneously under physiological conditions. Useful for reliable NO generation in solution.

7-Nitroindazole. is a selective inhibitor for the brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

L-NMMA. competitively inhibits nitric oxide synthase in a wide range of cells.

L-NIL. is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase that exhibits about 28-fold greater selectivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase than for the rat brain constitutive enzyme and 10-fold greater inhibitory potency than NG-monomethyl-L-arginine in inhibiting interferon-induced NO2- production.

L-NIO. is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of neutrophil nitric oxide synthase.

NBT. is an oxidant widely used in conjuction with BCIP or BCIP derivatives to detect phosphotase activity or used as a substrate for dehydrogenase and other oxidases to assess cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. NBT forms a dark blue-colored precipitate after enzymatic reduction.

NBT. is an oxidant widely used in conjuction with BCIP or BCIP derivatives to detect phosphotase activity or used as a substrate for dehydrogenase and other oxidases to assess cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. NBT forms a dark blue-colored precipitate after enzymatic reduction.

NBT. is an oxidant widely used in conjuction with BCIP or BCIP derivatives to detect phosphotase activity or used as a substrate for dehydrogenase and other oxidases to assess cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. NBT forms a dark blue-colored precipitate after enzymatic reduction.

MUP, Free Acid. is a fluorogenic phosphatase substrate that releases the blue fluorescent dye 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. MUP free acid and its salt are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

MUP, Free Acid. is a fluorogenic phosphatase substrate that releases the blue fluorescent dye 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. MUP free acid and its salt are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

MUP, Na. is a fluorogenic phosphatase substrate that releases the blue fluorescent dye 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. MUP free acid and its salt are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

MUP, Na. is a fluorogenic phosphatase substrate that releases the blue fluorescent dye 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. MUP free acid and its salt are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

X-gal. is the most widely used chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Enzyme hydrolysis of the substrate yields a dark blue colored precipitate (max - 615nm).

X-gal. is the most widely used chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Enzyme hydrolysis of the substrate yields a dark blue colored precipitate (max - 615nm).

X-gal. is the most widely used chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Enzyme hydrolysis of the substrate yields a dark blue colored precipitate (max - 615nm).

Red-beta-D-Gal. Chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Similar to X-gal, but generates a red or magenta (max - 565 nm) colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

Rose-beta-D-Gal. is a chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. The product is similar to X-gal, but generates an intense pink colored precipitate (max - 540 nm) on enzymatic hydrolysis.

Purple-beta-D-Gal. Chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Similar to X-gal, but generates a purple (max -575 nm) colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

Green-beta-D-Gal. Chromogenic substrate for b-galactosidase. Similar to X-Gal, but generates green colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

X-GlcU, CHA. is a chromogenic glucuronidase substrate widely used for monitoring E. coli contamination in food and water, and for the detection of GUS gene expression in plants. The substrate yields a dark blue (max - 615 nm) precipitate after enzymatic hydrolysis.

X-GlcU, Na. is similar to X-GlcU, CHA (#10016), but it has better water solubility than the latter.

Red-b-D-GlcU. is similar to X-GlcU, but the product of the substrate is a red (max - 565 nm) precipitate, which is easier to detect against the background of plant cells.

Rose-b-D-GlcU. is similar to X-GlcU, but the product of the substrate is a rosecolored (max - 540 nm) precipitate, which is easier to detect against the background of plant cells.

MUG. is a fluorogenic b-glucuronidase substrate that releases the blue fluorescent 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin on enzymatic hydrolysis. The substrate is commonly used for identifying E. coli contamination and for detecting marker GUS gene expression in plants with high sensitivity.

Phosphatase substrate kit. contains 10 mg each of BCIP Na (#10001), BCIP Pink (#10006) and BCIP Red (#10004) and 250 mg of NBT (#10008). NBT forms a co-precipitant and enhances the BCIP reaction.

b-galactosidase substrate kit. contains 5 mg each of the following five different substrates: X-Gal (#10011), Red-b-D-Gal (#10012), Rose-b-D-Gal (#10013), Purple-b-D-Gal (#10014) and Green-b-D-Gal (#10015). For researchers wishing to test the various chromogenic b-galactosidase substrates.

b-glucuronidase substrate kit. contains 5 mg each of the following three different substrates: X-GlcU, CHA (#10016), Red-b- D-GlcU, CHA (#10018), and Rose-b-D-GlcU, CHA(#10019). For researchers wishing to investigate the suitability of the various chromogenic b-glucuronidase substrates.

X-b-D-cellobioside. is a chromogenic substrate for b-cellobiosidase. Enzymatic cleavage of the substrate generates a dark blue-colored precipitate.

FDP. is the most sensitive fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate. It is also an excellent substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) and thus the substrate of choice in screening for PTPase inhibitor. FDP is colorless, but the end product of the enzymatic reaction is fluorescein.

ABTS. is a very sensitive chromogenic peroxidase substrate widely used for ELISA applications. The substrate yields a water-soluble green colored product.

Resazurin, sodium salt. is useful for detecting reductive activities in cells and has been widely used for measuring cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolic activity. Resazurin is nonfluorescent until it is reduced to the highly red fluorescent resorufin.

Dihydrorhodamine 123. is a common fluorescent mitochondrial dye. It readily enters most cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or cellular redox systems to fluorescent rhodamine 123. Dihydrorhodamine 123 is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species including superoxide and peroxynitrite.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrochloride. is functionally equivalent to dihydrorhodamine 123, but with increased stability toward air oxidation and light during storage. Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a common fluorescent mitochondrial dye.

Dihydroethidium. is the chemically reduced form of ethidium bromide. The probe is useful to detect oxidative activities in viable cells. It is blue fluorescent (ex/em: 355/420nm) in cell cytoplasm while the oxidized form ethidium is red fluorescent (ex/em: 518/605 nm) upon DNA intercalation.

2G,7G-DCDHF diacetate, H2DCFDA . is a useful fluorogenic reagent to detect reactive oxygen intermediates in cells. Upon oxidation, H2DCFDA becomes the highly green fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein.

MTT. is a tetrazolium salt that is commonly used to detect reductive metabolism in cells for viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. Upon reduction, tetrazolium salts turn into purple formazan products that can be quantified by colorimetric measurement.

XTT. A tetrazolium derivative widely used in cell viability and proliferation assessment. The material is readily reduced in viable cells to a highly water-soluble orange colored product. Applications of the reagent include studies of drug sensitivity and tumor cell cytotoxicity.

10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine. marketed as Amplex Red reagent; regarded as the best fluorogenic substrate for peroxidase; it is highly specific and stable. The substrate is nearly colorless until it is oxidized by H2O2 in the presence of HRP to become the highly red fluorescent resorufin.

High purity resorufin. that can be used as a standard for enzyme substrates whose end product is resorufin.

Carboxyfluorescein. has a pka of 6.5 and can be used as a ph indicator. its excitation spectrum and fluorescence response to ph are similar to bcecf (51010). carboxyfluorescein can be used as a tracer. the dye is membrane-impermeant and can be loaded into cells by microinjection or scrape loading.

5(6)-Cfda 5(6)-Cfda. is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. once inside the cells, cfda is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein-(51013)

5-(And-6)-Carboxy-2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein. is similar to 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein (51013) but has lower pka, it is useful for detecting ph in a more acidic environment. the dye is membrane-impermeant and can be loaded into cells by microinjection or scrape loading.

5-(And-6)-Carboxy-2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate. is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. the diacetate is readily hydrolyzed to 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (51015) by intracellular esterases.

5-carboxy-2,7-dichlorofluorescein. Dye can be used as a low pH indicator

5-Cfda 5-Cfda. is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. once inside the cells, 5-cfda is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 5-carboxyfluorescein.

5-Fam. is the free acid form of 5-carboxyfluorescein single isomer.

6-Fam I. s the free acid form of 6-carboxyfluorescein single isomer.

6-Cfda. 6-cfda is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. once inside the cells, 6-cfda is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein.

Flubida-2. Has been used to detect pH at a specific site in a cell such as cell organelles by directing the probe to where avidinchimera proteins are located. The probe is a conjugate of biotin and fluorescein diacetate

5-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorosulfonefluorescein. 10mg

Flubi-2. Is the hydrolyzed product of the site-directed fluorogenic probe Flubida-2 (51022).The dye can also be microinjected into cells to probe the local pH where avidin-chimera proteins are located.

SPQ(6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium). 50mg

MQAE. Improved chloride indicator that has greater sensitivity to chloride (Ksv= 200 M-1) than SPQ (Ksv=118 M-1) and higher fluorescence quantum yield

Zinquin. Blue fluorescent zinc indicator. Zinquin ethyl ester is membrane-permeable and is hydrolyzed into Zinquin free acid once entering cells.

Zinquin. Blue fluorescent zinc indicator. Zinc is believed to be involved in the suppression of apoptosis and it plays important roles in many neural activities

Biotin-Dhpe. can be used to couple avidin or streptavidin to cell membranes or liposomes.

Biotin-X-Dhpe. better interaction between biotin and avidin, or streptavidin.

I-4-Anepps. Is A Fast-Responding Membrane Potential Dye. The Changes In The Fluorescence Excitation Intensities Of The Dye Are Correlated To The Changes In The Membrane Potential Of The Cell

Dibac4(3). is similar to dii, but has longer absorption and emission (lex\lem= 644/663nm (meoh) (e= 193,000)). dir (60017), did, dii (60010) and neuro-dio (60015) can be used in combination for multicolor imaging.

Anepps Dyes. are fast responding membrane potential dyes. di-8-anepps is more lipophilic, so the dye is better retained in the outer leaflet of cell plasma membranes. it is more suitable for long-term membrane potential studies. di-8-anepps is more photostable and less phototoxic than di-4-anepps.

Di-2-Anepeq,. also called jpw1114, is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. it is highly water-soluble and is usually introduced into cells by microinjection. the dye can also be applied to brain tissues topically.

Di-8-Aneppq. is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. it is more hydrophobic than di-2-anepeq (61013) and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

Di-12-Aneppq. is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. it is more hydrophobic than di-8-aneppq (61014) and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

Styryl Dye RH414. Fast-responding potentiometric probe primarily used for functional imaging of neurons

RH421. Is a fast responding membrane potential dye, exhibiting 20% fluorescence change per 100 mV on neuroblastoma cells.

Styryl Dye RH237. Fast-responding potentiometric probe primarily used for functional imaging of neurons

Styryl Dye RH795. Fast-responding potentiometric probe primarily used for functional imaging of neurons

Dioc5(3) (3,3'-Dipentyloxacarbocyanine, Iodide). dioc5(3) and dioc6(3) (70009)) are two of the most widely used carbocyanine dyes used for membrane potential measurements

Dioc2(3). has been used for measuring membrane potentials in bacteria. the green fluorescent dye forms red fluorescent aggregates with increasing membrane potential. the spectral shifting phenomenon has been exploited to measure membrane potential ratiometrically.

Dioc6(3). is a green fluorescent membrane dye that has been used to stain the er in both live and fixed cells. the dye has also been used to study structural interactions and dynamics of the er in neurons and yeast.

Rhodamine 123. Is a popular green fluorescent mitochondrial dye that stains mitochondria in living cells in a membrane potential-dependent fashion

Jc-1 Chloride Salt. biotium developed jc-1 chloride salt for applications where the iodide ion is not desired. jc-1 chloride may also have the advantage of being slightly more water soluble than the iodide salt.

Unlike JC-1 (70011) and Rhodamine 123 (70010). NAO is a mitochondrial dye whose staining is not dependent on mitochondrial membrane potential

Tetrabromorhodamine 123, Bromide. 5mg

JC-1. Is a novel cationic carbocyanine dye that accumulates in mitochondria. The dye exists as a monomer with green fluorescence at low concentrations but forms J-aggregates with red fluorescence at high concentration.

DiIC1(5) (1,1'-dimethyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, iodide). 100mg

Tmrm (-70017) And Tmre (-70016-). Dyes For Quantitative Measurements Of Membrane Potentials Using Nernst Equation. The Dyes Do Not Form Aggregates In Cell Membranes And Interact With Membrane Protein

Tmrm (-70017-) And Tmre (-70016-). Dyes For Quantitative Measurements Of Membrane Potentials Using Nernst Equation. The Dyes Do Not Form Aggregates In Cell Membarnes And Interact With Membrane Protein

Daspei. is used to stain mitochondria in live cells.

FLUORESCEIN BIOTIN - 80019, 5 mg

RuBPS. is a negatively charged water-soluble luminescent ruthenium complex that has large Stokes shift and long luminescence lifetimes. These properties offer the possibility for extremely sensitive detection that could approach radioactive detection. RuBPS could be used as a polar tracer.

Biotium. developed biotin-rhodamine 110 as an alternative to biotin-4-fluorescein (90062) and fluorescein biotin (80019), both of which have been used for detection of biotin binding sites and the degree of biotinylation of proteins. Rhodamine 110 is pH insensitive and more photostable.

Hydroxystibamidine (80014). is supplied in a ready to use form

RuBP-2S. is a luminescent ruthenium complex similar to RuBPS (80021) but with an overall neutral charge.. RuBP-2S shares the same spectral and photophysical properties of RuBPS and may also have similar applications.

RuBP-4S. is a luminescent ruthenium complex similar to RuBPS (80021) but with an overall two negative charges. RuBP-4S shares the same spectral and photophysical properties of RuBPS and may also have similar applications.

Biotin, succinimidyl ester. Biotin SE is readily coupled to a primary or secondary amine under mild conditions.

Biotin-X, succinimidyl ester . Biotin-X succinimidyl ester is readily coupled to a primary or secondary amine under mild conditions.

Biotin-XX, succinimidyl ester. Biotin-XX succinimidyl ester is readily coupled to a primary or secondary amine under mild conditions. The longer XX arm facilitates the interaction between biotin and avidin or streptavidin.

Biotin-X free acid. can be easily converted to the mixed anhydride form, which is more reactive than the succinimidyl ester and thus can be used to react with aromatic amines or sterically hindered amines.

Biotin-XX free acid. can be easily converted to the mixed anhydride form, which is more reactive than the succinimidyl ester and thus can be used to react with aromatic amines or sterically hindered amines.

Biocytin. is a very useful cellular tracer that can be introduced into cells by microinjection.

Biotin NTA, Biotium - 90056, 5 mg, Biotin-X NTA

Biotin ethylenediamine. hydrobromide (identical to Neurobiotin) is a useful anterograde and transneuronal tracer.

Biotin-X-C5-maleimide . Biotin-X-C5-maleimide is readily and selectively coupled to thiols.

Biotin iodoacetamide. Biotin ethylenediamine iodoacetamide is readily coupled to thiols.

Biocytin hydrazide. is an aldehyde-fixable cellular tracer that can be introduced into cells by microinjection. Biocytin hydrazide can also be used to label glycoproteins or other carbohydrate molecules.

Biotin-X cadaverine trifluoroacetic acid salt. can be coupled to activated carboxylic acid or sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of a base or in a basic buffer.

Biotin-4-fluorescein. has been reported to be a superior fluorescent biotin derivative for accurate measurement of avidin and streptavidin in crude biofluids. The biotin binding to avidin and streptavidin is high affinity, fast and noncooperative.

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